Publications

Concepts for Flourishing: VanderWeele, T. J., and Johnson, B.R. (2025). Multidimensional versus unidimensional approaches to well-being. Nature Human Behavior, 9:857-863. Symons, X. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Aristotelian flourishing and contemporary philosophical theories of wellbeing. Journal of Happiness Studies, 25, Article 26. Lomas, T., Pawelski, J.O., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Flourishing as “sustainable well-being”: balance and harmony within and across people, ecosystems, and time. Journal of Positive Psychology, 20:203–218. Symons, X. Rhee, J.Y., Tanous, A., Balboni, T. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Flourishing at the end of life. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 45:401-425. VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). A Theology of Health: Wholeness and Human Flourishing. University of Notre Dame Press. Notre Dame, IN. Lomas, T., Pawelski, J.O., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2023). A flexible map of flourishing: The dynamics and drivers of flourishing, well-being, health, and happiness. International Journal of Wellbeing, 13,3665:1-38. VanderWeele, T.J. and Lomas, T. (2023). Terminology and the well-being literature. Affective Science, 4:36-40. VanderWeele, T.J., Case, B.W., Chen, Y., Cowden, R.G., Johnson, B., Lee, M.T., Lomas, T., and Long, K. (2023). Flourishing in critical dialogue. Social Science in Medicine – Mental Health, 3:100172. VanderWeele, T.J., Chen. Y., Long, K.N., Kim, E.S., Trudel-Fitzgerald, C., and Kubzansky, L.D. (2020). Positive epidemiology? Epidemiology, 31:189-193. VanderWeele, T.J. (2017). On the promotion of human flourishing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 31:8148-8156.   Measurement of Flourishing: VanderWeele, T. J., and Johnson, B.R. (2025). Why we need to measure wellbeing—lessons from a global survey. Nature, 641:34-36. VanderWeele, T. J., Johnson, B. R., Bialowolski, P. T., Bonhag, R., Bradshaw, M., Breedlove, T., Case, B., Chen, Y., Chen, Z. J., Counted, V., Cowden, R. G., de la Rosa, P. A., Felton, C., Fogleman, A., Gibson, C., Grigoropoulou, N., Gundersen, C., Jang, S. J., Johnson, K. A., Kent, B. V., Kim, E. S., Kim, Y. I., Koga, H. K., Lee, M. T., Le Pertel, N., Lomas, T., Long, K. N. G., Macchia, L., Makridis, C. A., Markham, L., Nakamura, J. S., Norman-Krause, N., Okafor, E. E., Okuzono, S. S., Ouyang, S., Padgett, R. N., Paltzer, J., Ritchie-Dunham, J. L., Ritter, Z., Shiba, K., Srinivasan, R., Ssozi, J., Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Wilkinson, R., Woodberry, R. D., Wortham, J., and Yancey, G. (2025). The Global Flourishing Study: study profile and initial results on flourishing. Nature Mental Health, 3:636-653. VanderWeele, T.J. and Hinton, C. (2024). Metrics for education for flourishing: A framework. International Journal of Wellbeing, 14, Article 3197: 1-35. Lee, M., Kubzansky, L.D., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2021). Measuring Well-Being: Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Social Sciences and the Humanities. Oxford University Press. VanderWeele, T.J., Fulks, J., Plake, J.F., and Lee, M.T. (2021). National well-being measures before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in online samples. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 36:248–250. VanderWeele, T.J., Trudel-Fitzgerald, C., Allin, P., Farrelly, C., Fletcher, G., Frederick, D.E., Hall, J., Helliwell, J.F., Kim, E.S., Lauinger, W.A., Lee, M.T., Lyubomirsky, S., Margolis, S., McNeely, E., Messer, N., Tay, L., Viswanath, V., Węziak-Białowolska, D., and Kubzansky, L.D. (2020). Current recommendations on the selection of measures for well-being. Preventive Medicine, 133:106004. VanderWeele, T.J., Trudel-Fitzgerald, C., Allin, P., Farrelly, C., Fletcher, G., Frederick, D.E., Hall, J., Helliwell, J.F., Kim, E.S., Lauinger, W.A., Lee, M.T., Lyubomirsky, S., Margolis, S., McNeely, E., Tay, L., Viswanath, V., Węziak-Białowolska, D., and Kubzansky, L.D. (2020). Brief well-being assessments, or nothing at all? Preventive Medicine, 135:106095. VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Measures of community well-being: a template. International Journal of Community Well-Being, 2:253-275. Węziak-Białowolska, D., McNeely, E., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Flourish index and secure flourish index – validation in workplace settings. Cogent Psychology, 6 (1598926): 1-10. Węziak-Białowolska, D., McNeely, E., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Human flourishing in cross cultural settings: evidence from the US, China, Sri Lanka, Cambodia and Mexico. Frontiers in Psychology, 10 (Article 1269): 1-13.   Promotion of Flourishing: VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Flourishing and the scope of medicine and public health. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 78:466-470. Bechara, A.O., Chen, Z.J., Cowden, R.G., Worthington, E.L., Toussaint, L., Rodriguez, N., Murillo, H.G., Ho, M.Y., Mathur, M.B., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Do forgiveness campaign activities improve forgiveness, mental health, and flourishing? International Journal of Public Health, 69:1605341. VanderWeele, T.J. and Brooks, A.C. (2023). A public health approach to negative news media: the 3-to-1 solution. American Journal of Health Promotion, 37:447–449. Lomas, T. Cowden, R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2021). Befriending the butterfly: a multidimensional review of strategies to facilitate happiness and wellbeing. European Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 5, 22:1-23. VanderWeele, T.J. (2020). Activities for flourishing: an evidence-based guide. Journal of Positive Psychology and Wellbeing, 4:79-91. Trudel-Fitzgerald, C., Millstein, R., von Hippel, C., Howe, R., Tomasso, L. P., Wagner, G., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Psychological well-being as part of the public health debate? Insight into dimensions, interventions, and policy. BMC Public Health, 15;9(12):e033697. VanderWeele, T.J., McNeely, E., and Koh, H.K. (2019). Reimagining health: flourishing. Journal of the American Medical Association, 321(17):1667-1668.

Happiness and Life Satisfaction: Kim, E.S., Wilkinson, R., Okuzono, S.S., Chen, Y., Shiba, K., Cowden, R.G., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Positive affect during adolescence and health and well-being in adulthood: An outcome-wide longitudinal approach. PLOS Medicine, 21:e1004365. Lomas, T. and VanderWeele, T.J.  (2024). Towards an expanded taxonomy of happiness: a conceptual analysis of 16 distinct forms of mental wellbeing. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, in press. Lomas, T. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2023). The complex creation of happiness: multidimensional conditionality in the drivers of happy individuals and societies. Journal of Positive Psychology, 18:15-33. Lomas, T., Bartels, M., Van De Weijer, M., Pluess, M., Hanson, J., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2022). The architecture of happiness. Emotion Review, 14:288-309. Lomas, T., Case, B.W., Cratty, F.J., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2021). A global history of happiness. International Journal of Wellbeing, 11:68-87. Nakamura, J.S., Delaney, S.W, Diener, E., VanderWeele, T.J., and Kim, E.S. (2021). Are all domains of life satisfaction equal? Differential associations with health and well-being in older adults. Quality of Life Research, 31:1-14. Kim, E.S., Delaney, S.W., Tay, L., Chen, Y., Diener, E., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2021). Life satisfaction and subsequent physical, behavioral, and psychosocial health in older adults. Milbank Quarterly, 99:209-239.   Balance, Harmony, and Peace: Lomas, T., Padgett, R.N., Ritchie-Dunham, J.L., Pawelski, J.O., Shiba, K., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Demographic variation in balance in life across 22 countries: A cross-national analysis of the Global Flourishing Study. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 20:1011–1036. Lomas, T., Padgett, R.N., Ritchie-Dunham, J.L., Pawelski, J.O., Shiba, K., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Childhood predictors of balance in life: A cross-national analysis of the Global Flourishing Study. Scientific Reports, 15: 13301. Lomas, T., Padgett, R.N., Ritchie-Dunham, J.L., Lee, M.T., Pawelski, J.O., Shiba, K., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Demographic variation in inner peace across 22 countries: A cross-national analysis of the Global Flourishing Study. Journal of Happiness Studies, 26:66. Lomas, T., Padgett, R.N., Ritchie-Dunham, J.L., Lee, M.T., Pawelski, J.O., Shiba, K., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). An exploratory cross-national analysis of the childhood predictors of inner peace in the Global Flourishing Study. Scientific Reports, 15: 11328. Lomas, T., Kjell, O., Nilsson, A., Niemiec, R., Pawelski, J.O., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Differentiating balance and harmony through natural language analysis: A cross-national exploration of two understudied wellbeing-related concepts. Journal of Positive Psychology, in press. Lomas, T., Lai, A.Y., Shiba, K., Diego-Rosell, P., Uchida, Y., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2022). Insights from the first global survey of balance and harmony. World Happiness Report, Chapter 6, 127-154.   Financial Well-Being: Bialowolski, P., Makridis, C., Bradshaw, M., Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Gundersen, C., Le Pertel, N., Gibson, C., Jang, S.J., Padgett, R.N., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Analysis of demographic variation and childhood correlates of financial well-being across 22 countries. Nature Human Behavior, 9:917-932. Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Cwynar, A., Bialowolski, P., Cowden, R.G., Wilkinson, R., Padgett, R.N., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). From hardship to resilience: childhood financial conditions and adult well-being in WEIRD and less WEIRD countries. Social Science and Medicine, 385:118622. Rakesh, D., Shiba, K., Lamont, M., Lund, C., Pickett, K.E., VanderWeele, T.J., and Patel, V. (2025). Economic inequality and mental health: causality, mechanisms, and interventions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 21:353-377. Białowolska, P., Węziak-Białowolska, D., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). The impact of savings and credit on health and health behaviours: an outcome wide longitudinal approach. International Journal of Public Health, 64:573-584.   Other Aspects of Well-Being: Kim, E.S., Padgett, R.N., Bradshaw, M., Chen, Y., Chopik, W.J., Okuzono, S., Wilkinson, R., Lachman, M.E., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Mapping demographic variations in sense of mastery across the world: a cross-national analysis of 22 countries in the Global Flourishing Study. Scientific Reports, 15:29904. Kim, E.S., Bradshaw, M., Chen, Y, Chopik, W.J., Okuzono, S.S., Wilkinson, R., Lachman, M.E., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Characterizing the childhood roots of adult sense of mastery across 22 countries in the Global Flourishing Study. Scientific Reports, 15:14819. Lee, M.T., Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Mooney, K.D., Lerner, P.J., McNeely, E., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2021). Self-assessed importance of domains of flourishing: demographics and correlations with well-being. Journal of Positive Psychology, 16:137-144 . VanderWeele, T.J. (2020). Challenges estimating total lives lost in COVID-19 decisions: consideration of mortality related to unemployment, social isolation, and depression. JAMA, 324:445-446.

Distribution and Determinants of Meaning and Purpose: Kim, E.S., Bradshaw, M., Padgett, R.N., Chen, Y., Shiba, K., Ritchie-Dunham, J.L., Case, B.W., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Identifying childhood roots of adult purpose and meaning across 22 countries (Global Flourishing Study). npj Mental Health Research, 4: 14. Nakamura, J.S., Ryff, C.D., Chen, Y., Folk, D., Heine, S.J., VanderWeele, T.J., and Kim, E.S. (2022). What makes life purposeful? Identifying the antecedents of a sense of purpose in life using a lagged exposure-wide approach. SSM – Population Health, 19:101235. Chen, Y., Kim, E.S., Shields, A.E., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2020). Antecedents of purpose in life: evidence from a lagged exposure-wide analysis. Cogent Psychology, 7:1825043. Chen, Y., Kim, E.S., Koh, H.K., Frazier, A.L., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Sense of mission and subsequent health and well-being among young adults: an outcome-wide analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 188(4):664-673.   Effects of Meaning and Purpose: Okuzono, S.S., Shiba, K., Kim, E.S., Shirai, K., Kondo, N., Fujiwara, T., Kondo, K., Lomas, T., Trudel-Fitzgerald, C., Kawachi, I., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2022). Ikigai and subsequent health and wellbeing among Japanese older adults: longitudinal outcome-wide analysis. Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, 21:100391. Kim, E.S., Nakamura, J.S., Chen, Y., Ryff, C.D., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2022). Sense of purpose in life and subsequent health and well-being in older adults: an outcome-wide analysis. American Journal of Health Promotion, 36:137-147. Shiba, K., Kubzansky, L.D., Williams, D.R., VanderWeele, T.J., and Kim, E.S. (2022). Purpose in Life and 8-Year Mortality by Gender and Race/Ethnicity among Older Adults in the U.S. Preventive Medicine, 164:107310. Shiba, K., Kubzansky, L.D., Williams, D.R., VanderWeele, T.J., and Kim, E.S. (2021). Associations between purpose in life and mortality by socioeconomic status. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 61:e53-61.   Measurement of Meaning: Padgett, R., Hanson, J.A., Nakamura, J.S., Ritchie-Dunham, J.L., Kim, E.S., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024).  Measuring meaning in life by combining philosophical and psychological distinctions: psychometric properties of the Comprehensive Measure of Meaning. Journal of Positive Psychology, in press. Hanson, J.A. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2021). The Comprehensive Measure of Meaning: psychological and philosophical foundations. In: M. Lee, L.D. Kubzansky, and T.J. VanderWeele (Eds.). Measuring Well-Being: Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Social Sciences and the Humanities. Oxford University Press, Chapter 12: 339-376.   Philosophy of Meaning: Kaftanski, W., and Hanson, J. (2022). Suffering, authenticity, and meaning in life: Toward an integrated conceptualization of well-being. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 1079032. Hanson, J.A. (2020). Perspectives on and standards of life's meaningfulness: a reply to Landau. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 23:561–573.

Character: Chen, Y., Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Kim, E.S., Nakamura, J.S., Hanson, J.A., Padgett, R.N., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Variations in character involving an orientation to promote good across sociodemographic groups in 22 countries. Scientific Reports, 15:14552. Chen, Y,  Kim, E.S., Nakamura, J. S., Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Wilkinson, R., Padgett, R. N., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Early life experiences and adult orientation to promote good in 22 countries. Scientific Reports. Scientific Reports, 15:20983. Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Bialowolski, P., Cowden, R.G., Jang, S.J., Bradshaw, M., Padgett, R.N., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Delayed gratification across 22 countries: a cross-national analysis of demographic variation and childhood predictors. Journal of Research in Personality, 117:104627. Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Cowden, R.G., Bialowolski, P., Bechara, A.O., Chen, Z.J., Cook, K.V., Kurniati, N.M.T., Suwartono, C., Widyarini, N., McNeely, E., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Associations of orientation to promote good in challenging situations with distress and well-being: multi-study evidence from three on-western longitudinal samples. European Journal of Social Psychology, 54:449-464. Chen, Y., Okereke, O.I., Kim, E.S., Tiemeier, H., Kubzansky, L.D., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Gratitude and mortality among older US female nurses. JAMA Psychiatry, 81:1030-1038. Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Lee, M.T., Bialowolski, P., Chen, Y., VanderWeele, T.J., and McNeely, E. (2023). Prospective associations between strengths of moral character and health. Longitudinal evidence from survey and insurance claims data. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 58:163–176 VanderWeele, T.J. (2022). Virtues, mental health, and human flourishing. In: J.R. Peteet (ed.). Virtues in Psychiatric Practice. Oxford University Press. Wilson, M.F. (2022). High-fidelity experiments, situationism, and the measurement of virtue. Journal of Value Inquiry, 56:263-281. Węziak-Białowolska, D., Białowolski, P., VanderWeele, T.J., and McNeely, E. (2021). Character strengths involving an orientation to promote good can help your health and well-being. Evidence from two longitudinal studies. American Journal of Health Promotion, 35:388-398.   Love: VanderWeele, T. J., Padgett, R., Case, B., Cowden, R., Hanson, J., Hinton, C., Kurniati, N.M.T., Lomas, T., Long, K., Niemiec, R., Bechara, A.O., Rutledge, J.C., Teubner, J., Town, S., Wilkinson, R. and Lee, M.T. (2026). Love of neighbor assessment: validity, reliability, and a template for measurement. Frontiers in Psychology, 16:1575175. Lee, M.T., Wilkinson, R., Long, K.N.G., Case, B.W., Ritchie-Dunham, J.L., Bradshaw, M., Padgett, R.N., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2026). Sociodemographic variation and childhood predictors of showing love and care for others in 22 countries. Scientific Reports, 16:1796. VanderWeele, T.J. and Lee, M.T. (2025). Love and human flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 15:4663. Wilkinson, R., Chen, Y., Lee, M.T., Cowden, R.G., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Sibling love in adolescence and subsequent health and well-being in adulthood. Social Science & Medicine, 368:117700. VanderWeele, T.J. (2023). On an analytic definition of love. Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy, 25:105-135. Hanson, J. (2023). The oneness of love in works of love. Religions, 14: 1517. Hanson, J. (2022). 'That is giving a banquet’: neighbor-love as spiritualizing romantic loves in Works of Love. Journal of Religious Ethics, 50:196-218. Lee, M.T. (2021). Love as a foundational principle for humanistic management. In Michael Pirson (Ed.). Love and Organization: Lessons of Love for Human Dignity, Leadership and Motivation. Routledge. Chen, Y., Haines, J. Charlton, B., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Positive parenting improves multiple aspects of health and well-being in young adulthood. Nature Human Behavior, 3:684-691. Chen, Y. Kubzansky, L., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Parental warmth and flourishing in mid-life. Social Science and Medicine, 220:65-72.   Forgiveness: Cowden, R.G., Worthington, Jr., E.L., Chung, C., De Kock, J.H., Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Yancey, G., Shiba, K., Padgett, R.N., Bradshaw, M., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Sociodemographic variation in dispositional forgivingness: a cross-national analysis with 22 countries. Scientific Reports, 15:12144. Cowden, R.G., Worthington, E.L., Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Yancey, G., Witvliet, C.V.O., Shiba, K., Padgett, R.N., Bradshaw, M., Fogleman, A., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Childhood predictors of dispositional forgivingness in adulthood: a cross-national analysis with 22 countries. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 20:1057-1084. Ho, M. Y., Worthington, E., Cowden, R., Bechara, A. O., Chen, Z. J., Gunatirin, E. Y., Joynt, S., Khalanskyi, V.V., Korzhov, H., Kurniati, N.M.T., Rodriguez, N., Salnykova, A., Shtanko, L., Tymchenko, S., Voytenko, V.L., Zulkaida, A., Mathur, M. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). International REACH Forgiveness Intervention: A multi-site randomised controlled trial. BMJ Public Health, 2:e000072. Bechara, A.O., Chen, Z.J., Cowden, R.G., Worthington, E.L., Toussaint, L., Rodriguez, N., Murillo, H.G., Ho, M.Y., Mathur, M.B., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Do forgiveness campaign activities improve forgiveness, mental health, and flourishing? International Journal of Public Health, 69:1605341. Long, K., Worthington, E.L., VanderWeele, T.J. and Chen, Y. (2020). Forgiveness of others and subsequent health and well-being in mid-life: a longitudinal study on female nurses. BMC Psychology, 8:104. Long, K., Chen, Y., Potts, M., Hanson, J., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2020). Spiritually motivated self-forgiveness and divine forgiveness, and subsequent health and well-being among middle-aged female nurses: an outcome-wide longitudinal approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 11 (Article 1337):1-12. Chen, Y., Harris, S.K, Worthington, E.L., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Religiously or spiritually-motivated forgiveness and subsequent health and well-being among young adults: an outcome-wide analysis. Journal of Positive Psychology, 187:2355-2364. VanderWeele, T.J. (2018). Is forgiveness a public health issue? American Journal of Public Health, 108:189-190.   Hope and Optimism: Counted, V., Long, K.N.G., Cowden, R.G., Witvliet, C., Cortright, A., Gibson, C., Walsh, J., Purcell, E., Hathaway, W., Garzon, F., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Seeds of hope: cross-national analysis of childhood predictors of hope in 22 countries. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 20:1111-1137. Chen, Y., Kubzansky, L.D., Kim, E.S., Koga, H., Shiba, K., Padgett, R.N., Wilkinson, R., Johnson, B.R. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). The distribution of optimism across sociodemographic groups in 22 countries. Scientific Reports, 15:14553. Chen, Y., Kubzansky, L.D., Kim, E.S., Koga, H., Shiba, K., Padgett, R.N., Wilkinson, R., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). When the glass is half full: early life experiences and adult optimism in 22 countries. npj Mental Health Research, 4:12. Chen, Y., Nakamura, J.S., Kim, E.S., Kubzansky, L.D., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Changes in optimism and subsequent health and wellbeing outcomes in older adults: an outcome-wide analysis. Aging and Mental Health, 29:736–746. Wilson, M. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Rational optimism. Philosophia, 52:757-778. Long, K.N.G., Wilkinson, R., Cowden, R.G., Chen, Y., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Hope in adolescence and subsequent health and well-being in adulthood: an outcome-wide longitudinal study. Social Science & Medicine, 347:116704. VanderWeele, T.J. and Kubzansky, L.D. (2021). Facets of optimism. American Psychologist, 76:1191-1193. Long, K.N.G., Kim, E.S., Chen, Y., Wilson, M.F., Worthington, E.L., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2020). The role of hope in subsequent health and well-being for older adults: an outcome-wide longitudinal approach. Global Epidemiology, 2:100018.   Gratitude: Okuzono, S.S., Cowden, R.G., Yancey, G., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Sociodemographic variation in gratitude using a cross-national analysis with 22 countries. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 10:60. Chen, Y., Okereke, O.I., Kim, E.S., Tiemeier, H., Kubzansky, L.D., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Gratitude and mortality among older US female nurses. JAMA Psychiatry, 81:1030-1038.   Volunteering and Charitable Giving: Nakamura, J.S., Węziak-Białowolska, D., Woodberry, R.D., Kubzansky, L.D., Shiba, K., Padgett, R.N., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Demographic variation in charitable giving and helping across 22 countries in the Global Flourishing Study. Scientific Reports, 15:14802. Nakamura, J.S., Woodberry, R.D., Gibson, C.B., Lee, M.T., Kim, Y.-I., Shiba, K., Padgett, R.N., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Childhood predictors of volunteering across 22 countries in the Global Flourishing Study. Scientific Reports, 15:14797. Nakamura, J. S., Woodberry, R. D., Węziak-Białowolska, D., Kubzansky, L. D., Shiba, K., Padgett, R. N., Johnson, B. R., VanderWeele, T. J. (2025). Childhood predictors of charitable giving and helping across 22 countries in the Global Flourishing Study. Scientific Reports, 15:14802. Nakamura, J.S., Lee, M.T., VanderWeele, T.J., and Kim, E.S. (2024). Informal helping and subsequent health and well-being in older U.S. adults. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31:503-515. Nakamura, J.S., Shiba, K., Jensen, S.M., VanderWeele, T.J., and Kim, E.S. (2023). Who benefits from helping? Moderators of the association between informal helping and mortality. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 57:1058-1068. Nakamura, J.S., Lee, M.T., Chen, F.S., Archer Lee, Y. Fried, L.P., VanderWeele, T.J., and Kim, E.S. (2022). Identifying pathways to increased volunteering in older US adults. Scientific Reports, 12:12825. Kim, E.S., Whillans, A.V., Lee, M.T., Chen, Y. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2020). Volunteering and subsequent health and well-being in older adults: an outcome-wide longitudinal approach. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 59:176-186.   Suffering, Adversity, and Growth: VanderWeele, T.J., Wortham, J.S., Carey, L.B., Case, B.W., Cowden, R.G., Duffee, C., Jackson-Meyer, K., Lu, F., Mattson, S.A., Padgett, R.N., Peteet, J.R., Rutledge, J., Symons, X., and Koenig., H.G. (2025). Moral trauma, moral distress, moral injury and moral injury disorder: definitions and assessments. Frontiers in Psychology, 16:1422441. Cowden, R.G., Chen, Z.J., Wilkinson, R., Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Breedlove, T., Gundersen, C., Shiba, K., Padgett, R.N., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. Childhood predictors of suffering in adulthood: a cross-national analysis with 22 countries. Communications Medicine, 5:217. Cowden, R.G., Chen, Z.J., Wilkinson, R., Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Breedlove, T., Gundersen, C., Shiba, K., Padgett, R.N., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). A cross-national analysis of sociodemographic variation in suffering across 22 countries. Communications Medicine, 5:144. VanderWeele, T.J., Cowden, R.G., Kelly, P., and Peteet, J.R. (2023). The need for the scientific study of the transformation of suffering. International Journal of Existential Positive Psychology, 12(1). Kaftanski, W. And Hanson, J. (2022). Suffering, authenticity, and meaning in life: toward an integrated conceptualization of well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 13:1079032. Cowden, R.G., Seidman, A.J., Duffee, C., Węziak-Białowolska, D., McNeely, E., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2022). Associations of suffering with facets of health and well-being among working adults: longitudinal evidence from two samples. Scientific Reports, 12:20141. Cowden, R.G., Węziak-Białowolska, D., McNeely, E., and VanderWeele, T.J.  (2022). Are depression and suffering distinct? an empirical analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13:970466. Cowden, R.G., Rueger, S.Y., Davis, E.B., Counted, V., Kent, B.V., Chen, Y., VanderWeele, T.J., Rim, M., Lemke, A.W., Glowiak, K.J., and Worthington, E.L. (2021). Suffering, mental health, and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study of U.S. adults with chronic health conditions. Wellbeing, Space and Society, 2:100048. VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Suffering and response: directions in empirical research. Social Science and Medicine, 224:58-66.

Relationships: Wilkinson, R., Shiba, K., Gibson, C.B., Okafor, C.N., Chen, Y., Bradshaw, M., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Life course insights into social relationship quality: a cross-national analysis of 22 countries. Scientific Reports, 15: 12096. Ritchie-Dunham, J.L., Yancey, G., Managi, S., Bartel, C., Bonhag, R., Padgett, N., Shiba, K., Johnson, B., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Demographic variation in social support and intimate friend across 22 countries: a cross-national analysis. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 10:37. Ritchie-Dunham, J.L., Yancey, G., Managi, S., Bartel, C., Bonhag, R., Padgett, R.N., Shiba, K., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Childhood predictors of social support and intimate friends in a cross-national analysis of the Global Flourishing Study. Scientific Reports, 15:25068. Hong, J.H., Nakamura, J., Sahakari, S., Chopik, W., Shiba, K., VanderWeele, T.J. and Kim, E. (2024). The silent epidemic of loneliness: identifying the antecedents of loneliness using a lagged exposure-wide approach. Psychological Medicine, 54:1519-1532. Hong, J.H., Berkman, L.F., Chen, F.S., Shiba, K., Chen, Y., Kim, E.S., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2023). Are loneliness and social isolation equal threats to health and well-being? An outcome-wide longitudinal approach. Social Science and Medicine - Population Health, 23:101459. Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Bialowolski, P., Lee, M.T., Chen, Y., VanderWeele, T.J., and McNeely, E. (2022). Prospective associations between social connectedness and mental health. Evidence from a longitudinal survey and health insurance claims data. International Journal of Public Health, 67, Article 1604710: 1-9. Li, S., Hagan, K., Grodstein, F., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2018). Social integration and healthy aging among U.S. women. Preventive Medicine Reports, 9:144-148.   Community: Case, B., Corbin, I.M., Ivey, R., Teubner, J., Cowden, R., Bachiochi, E., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Reconnecting our communities: social flourishing on the far side of “Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation". International Journal of Wellbeing, 15:4839. Counted, V., Allen, K.-A., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). The roots of belonging: childhood predictors of belonging in 22 countries. Scientific Reports, 15:30215. Counted, V., Weziak-Bialowolska ,D., Cowden, R.G., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. Childhood antecedents of adult place satisfaction in 22 countries. Scientific Reports, 15:24831. Kim, Y.I., VanderWeele, T.J., and Johnson, B.R. (2025). Childhood predictors of perceptions of social trust across 22 countries in the Global Flourishing Study. Scientific Reports, 15:14358. Padgett, R., Hanson, J.A., Nakamura, J.S., Ritchie-Dunham, J.L., Kim, E.S., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024).  Measuring meaning in life by combining philosophical and psychological distinctions: psychometric properties of the Comprehensive Measure of Meaning. Journal of Positive Psychology, in press. Kim, E.S., Wilkinson, R., Case, B.W., Cowden, R.G., Okuzono, S.S., and VanderWeele. T.J. (2024). Connected communities: Perceived neighborhood social cohesion during adolescence and subsequent health and well-being in early adulthood - An outcome-wide longitudinal approach. Journal of Community Psychology, in press. Kim, E.S., Chen, Y., Kawachi, I., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2020). Perceived neighborhood social cohesion and subsequent health and well-being in older adults: an outcome-wide longitudinal approach. Health and Place, 66:102420. VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Measures of community well-being: a template. International Journal of Community Well-Being, 2:253-275.

de la Rosa, P.A., Nakamura, J., Cowden, R.G., Kim, E., Osorio, A., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Longitudinal associations of spousal support and strain with health and well-being: an outcome-wide study of married older U.S. adults. Family Process. Chen, Y., Mathur, M.B., Case, B.W., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2023). Marital transitions during earlier adulthood and subsequent health and well-being in mid- to late-life among female nurses: an outcome-wide analysis. Global Epidemiology, 5:100099. Wilkinson, R., Nakamura, J., Kim, E.S., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2023). Social support and social strain from children and subsequent health and well-being among older U.S. adults. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 40:2980-3003. Chen, Y., Hinton, C., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2021). School types in adolescence and subsequent health and well-being in young adulthood: An outcome-wide analysis. PLoS One 16(11): e0258723. VanderWeele, T.J., Mathur, M.B., and Chen, Y. (2019). Media portrayals and public health implications for suicide and other behaviors. JAMA Psychiatry, 76:891-892. Mathur, M. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Finding common ground in meta-analysis “wars” on violent video games. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14:705–708. Chen, Y., Haines, J. Charlton, B., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Positive parenting improves multiple aspects of health and well-being in young adulthood. Nature Human Behavior, 3:684-691. Chen, Y. Kubzansky, L., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Parental warmth and flourishing in mid-life. Social Science and Medicine, 220:65-72. Im, Y. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2018). The role of first-year maternal employment and paternal involvement in behavioral and cognitive development of young children. Infant Mental Health Journal, 39(4):449-465. Li, S., Kubzansky, L.D., VanderWeele, T.J. (2018). Religious service attendance, divorce, and remarriage among U.S. Nurses in mid and late life. PLoS One, 13(12): e0207778. Chen, Y. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2018). Associations of religious upbringing with subsequent health and well-being from adolescence to young adulthood: an outcome-wide analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 187:2355–2364.

VanderWeele, T.J. and Case, B.W. (2025). Academic flourishing and student formation. International Journal of Wellbeing, 15(2):5003. Case, B.W. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Virtues for academic flourishing: an argument for the importance of character in higher education. British Journal of Educational Studies, 73:637-654. Kristjánsson, K. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). The proper scope of education for flourishing. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 59:634-650. Padgett, R.N., Le Pertel, N., Hinton, C., Kettler, T., Ho, A.D., Chen, Y., Bradshaw, M., Johnson, B.R. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). A cross-national analysis of sociodemographic variation in educational attainment from Wave 1 of the Global Flourishing Study. Scientific Reports, 15:13870. VanderWeele, T.J. and Hinton, C. (2024). Metrics for education for flourishing: A framework. International Journal of Wellbeing, 14, Article 3197: 1-35. VanderWeele, T.J. (2022). The importance, opportunities, and challenges of empirically assessing character for the promotion of flourishing. Journal of Education, 202:170–180. Chen, Y., Hinton, C., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2021). School types in adolescence and subsequent health and well-being in young adulthood: An outcome-wide analysis. PLoS One 16(11): e0258723.

Fung, E.N., Cowden, R.G., Chen, Y., Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Bialowolski, P., Lee, M.T., McNeely, E. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Prospective associations of multidimensional well-being with work distraction and job satisfaction: a two-wave study of US employees. Frontiers in Psychology, section Organizational Psychology, 15, 1326655. Chen, Y., Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Lee, M.T., Bialowolski, P., Cowden, R.G., McNeely, E., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2023). Working from home and subsequent work outcomes: pre-pandemic evidence. PLOS One, 18:e0283788. Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Lee, M.T., Cowden, R.G., Bialowolski, P., Chen, Y., VanderWeele, T.J., and McNeely, E. (2023). Psychological caring climate at work, mental health, well-being, and work-related outcomes: Evidence from a longitudinal study and health insurance data. Social Science & Medicine, 323:115841. Hanson, J.A. (2021). Work in the Platonic Tradition: A History of Labor and Human Flourishing. Bloomsbury. Frederick, D.E. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2020). Longitudinal meta-analysis of job crafting shows positive association with work engagement. Cogent Psychology, 7:1,1746733. Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Bialowolski, P., Sacco, P.L., VanderWeele, T.J., and McNeely, E. (2020). Well-being in life and well-being at work: which comes first? Evidence from a longitudinal study. Frontiers in Public Health, 8:103. Bialowolski, P., McNeely, E., VanderWeele, T.J., and Weziak-Bialowolska, D. (2020). Ill health and distraction at work: costs and drivers for productivity loss. PLoS One, 15(3):e0230562. VanderWeele, T.J., Węziak-Białowolska, D., Białowolski, P., and McNeely, E. (2019). Re: A comprehensive approach to problems of performance measurement. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 182:797-798. Frederick, D.E. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Supported employment: meta-analysis and review of randomized controlled trials of individual placement and support. PLoS One, 14(2):e0212208. Im, Y. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2018). The role of first-year maternal employment and paternal involvement in behavioral and cognitive development of young children. Infant Mental Health Journal, 39(4):449-465.

Empirical Research on Religious Community: Chen, Y., Case, B.W., Long, K.N.G., Woodberry, R.D., Kim, E.S., Padgett, R.N., Johnson, B.R., and  VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Community participation in secular and religious contexts across sociodemographic groups in 22 countries. Scientific Reports, in press. Ahrenfeldt, L.J., Möller, S., Hvidt, N.C., VanderWeele, T.J., and Stripp, T.A. (2023). Effect of religious service attendance on mortality and hospitalisations among Danish men and women: longitudinal findings from REGLINK-SHAREDK. European Journal of Epidemiology, 38:281-289. Shiba, K., Cowden, R. G., Gonzalez, N., Ransome, Y., Nakagomi, A., Chen, Y., Lee, M. T., VanderWeele, T. J., and Fancourt, D. (2023). Associations of online religious participation during COVID-19 lockdown with subsequent health and well-being among UK adults. Psychological Medicine, 53:3887-3896. Chen, Y., Kim, E.S., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2020). Religious service attendance and subsequent health and well-being throughout adulthood: evidence from three prospective cohorts. International Journal of Epidemiology, 49:2030–2040. Chen, Y., Koh, H.K., Kawachi, I., Botticelli, M., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2020). Religious service attendance and deaths related to drugs, alcohol, and suicide among US health care professionals. JAMA Psychiatry, 77:737-744. Kim, E.S., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Mediators of the association between religious service attendance and mortality. American Journal of Epidemiology, 188:96-101. Pawlikowski, J., Białowolski, P., Węziak-Białowolska, D., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2019). Religious service attendance, health behaviors and well-being – an outcome wide longitudinal analysis. European Journal of Public Health, 9:1177-1183. Chen, Y. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2018). Associations of religious upbringing with subsequent health and well-being from adolescence to young adulthood: an outcome-wide analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 187:2355–2364. Li, S., Kubzansky, L.D., VanderWeele, T.J. (2018). Religious service attendance, divorce, and remarriage among U.S. Nurses in mid and late life. PLoS One, 13(12): e0207778. VanderWeele, T.J., Yu, J., Cozier, Y.C., Wise, L., Argentieri, M.A., Rosenberg, L., Palmer, J.R., and Shields, A.E. (2017). Religious service attendance, prayer, religious coping, and religious-spiritual identity as predictors of all-cause mortality in the Black Women’s Health Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 185:515-522. Li, S., Okereke, O.I., Chang, S.-C., Kawachi, I., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2016). Religious service attendance and depression among women – a prospective cohort study. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 50:876-884. VanderWeele, T.J., Li, S., Tsai, A., and Kawachi, I. (2016). Association between religious service attendance and lower suicide rates among US women. JAMA Psychiatry, 73(8):845-851. Li, S., Stamfer, M., Williams, D.R. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2016). Association between religious service attendance and mortality among women. JAMA Internal Medicine, 2016;176(6):777-785. Commentary and Synthesis on Religious Community: Long, K.N.G., Nakamura, J.S., Long, P.M., Gregg, R.J., Abraham, F., Counted, V., Johnson, B.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2025). Flourishing communities: The role of faith communities in the promotion of flourishing and the common good. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 44:84-107. VanderWeele, T.J. and Ouyang, S.T. (2025). Religion and mental health: Is the relationship causal? Journal of Religion and Health, 64:1890-1897. Koenig, H.K., VanderWeele, T.J., and Peteet, J.R. (2024). Handbook of Religion and Health, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press. VanderWeele, T.J. (2021). Effects of religious service attendance and religious importance on depression: examining the meta-analytic evidence. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 31:21-26. VanderWeele, T.J. and Chen, Y. (2020). Religion as a social determinant of health. American Journal of Epidemiology, 189:1464-1466. VanderWeele, T.J. (2018). Religious communities. In: Kivimaki, M., Batty, D.G., Kawachi, I., and Steptoe, A. (eds.). Routledge International Handbook of Psychosocial Epidemiology. Routledge, 114-135. VanderWeele, T.J. (2018).Religious communities, health, and well-being - Address to the US Air Force Chaplain.Military Medicine, 183:105-109. VanderWeele, T.J. (2017). Religion and health: a synthesis. In: Balboni, M.J. and Peteet, J.R. (eds.).Spirituality and Religion within the Culture of Medicine: From Evidence to Practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, p 357-401. VanderWeele, T.J. (2017). Religious communities and human flourishing.Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26:476-481. VanderWeele, T.J., Li, S. and Kawachi, I. (2017). Re: Religious service attendance and suicide rates. JAMA Psychiatry, 74:197-198. VanderWeele, T.J., Jackson, J.W., and Li, S. (2016).Causal inference and longitudinal data: a case study of religion and mental health.Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 51(11):1457-1466.   Spirituality in Medicine and Public Health: VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). A Theology of Health: Wholness and Human Flourishing. University of Notre Dame Press. Notre Dame, IN. Long, K.N.G., Symons, X., VanderWeele, T.J., Balboni, T.A., Balboni, M., Rosmarin, D.H., Tauch, L., Puchalski, C., Gunderson, G., Idler, E., Oman, D., Cutts, T., and Koh, H.K. (2024). Addressing spirituality as a determinant of health: emerging policies, practices, and systems. Health Affairs, 43:783-790. VanderWeele, T.J., Balboni, T.A., Koh, H.K. (2022). Religious service attendance and implications for clinical care, community participation and public health. American Journal of Epidemiology, 191:31-35. Balboni, T.A., VanderWeele, T.J., Doan-Soares, S.D., Long, K.N.G., Ferrell, B., Fitchett, G., Koenig, H.G., Bain, P., Puchalski, C., Steinhauser, K.E., Sulmasy, D.P., and Koh, H.K. (2022). Spirituality in Serious Illness and Health. JAMA, 328:184-197. VanderWeele, T.J., Long, K. and Balboni, M.J. (2021). On tradition-specific measures of spiritual well-being. In: M. Lee, L.D. Kubzansky, and T.J. VanderWeele (Eds.). Measuring Well-Being: Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Social Sciences and the Humanities. Oxford University Press, Chapter 16: 482-498. VanderWeele, T.J. (2020). Spiritual well-being and human flourishing: conceptual, causal, and policy relations. In: A.B. Cohen (Ed.). Religion and Human Flourishing. Baylor University Press, 43-54. Koenig, H.G., Peteet, J.R., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2020). Religion and psychiatry: clinical applications. British Journal of Psychiatry - Advances, 26:273-281. Koenig, H.G., Al-Zaben, F., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2020). Religion and psychiatry: recent developments in research. British Journal of Psychiatry - Advances, 26:262-272. Long K.N.G., Gregg R.J., VanderWeele, T.J., Oman, D., and Laird, L.D. (2019). Boundary Crossing: meaningfully engaging religious traditions and religious institutions in public health. Religions, 10(7):412. Idler, E., Levin, J., VanderWeele, T.J., and Khan, A. (2019). Partnerships between public health agencies and faith communities. American Journal of Public Health, 109:346-347. VanderWeele, T.J., Balboni, M.J., Balboni, T.A. (2018). The Initiative on Health, Religion and Spirituality at Harvard: from research to education. In Oman, D. (ed.). Why Religion and Spirituality Matter for Public Health: Evidence, Implications, and Resources. Springer-Verlag, p. 371-382.  Balboni, M.J. and Balboni, T.A. (2018). Hostility to Hospitality: Spirituality and Professional Socialization within Medicine. Oxford University Press. VanderWeele, T.J. (2018). Is forgiveness a public health issue?American Journal of Public Health, 108:189-190.  VanderWeele, T.J., Balboni, T.A., Koh, H.K. (2017). Health and spirituality. JAMA, 318(6):519-520.  VanderWeele, T.J. and Koenig, H.G. (2017). A course on religion and public health at Harvard. American Journal of Public Health, 107:47-49.